Under what condition can a child born out of wedlock be considered a child of the father?

A child born out of wedlock can be considered a child of the father upon either a marriage ceremony that occurs before or after the child's birth, or through an adjudication of paternity. This legal recognition is important because it establishes the child’s rights to inheritance, support, and other paternal benefits. By allowing such recognition through marriage or an adjudication, the law acknowledges the complex circumstances of parenthood and affirms the parental relationship based on legal processes or commitments.

The options about permissive acknowledgment or adoption have specific contexts and do not inherently confer the same rights as those outlined in the correct answer. While an official adoption also legitimizes the relationship, it is not the only means by which a child can gain recognition as the father’s child. The notion that a father must be deceased for the child to have any claims is also incorrect, as the legal recognition can be established readily through marriage or legal processes.